Growing green gram (moong dal) is very popular in India and some other South Asian countries. And it is one of the main pulse crop of India.
It is very nutritious and a great source of protein along with fiber and iron. It is also a great source of calcium, phosphorous and many vitamins.
And the moong dal/green gram can become a very important source of protein for people in some regions where animal protein is scarce.
The green gram (Vigna radiata) is actually a plant species in the legume family. It is an annual vine with yellow flowers and fuzzy brown pods.
The pods are about 5 inches long, containing 10-15 seeds and varying in color from yellowish-brown to black. And the seeds also vary in coloration from yellow, brown, mottled black or even green.
The green gram is most commonly used as an ingredient in both savory and sweet dishes.
Bangladesh, India, China, Korea, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, South Asia and Southeast Asia are the top countries and regions where green gram is mainly cultivated.
Origins
According to Wikipedia, the green gram is thought to have originated from the Indian subcontinent where it was domesticated as early as 1500 BC.
Carbonized green gram have been discovered in many archeological sites in India. Areas with early finds include the eastern zone of the Harappan civilization in Punjab and Haryana, where finds date back to about 4,500 years, and South India in the modern state of Karnataka where finds date back more than 4,000 years.
The cultivated green grams were introduced to southern and eastern Asia, Africa, Austronesia, the Americas and the West Indies.
Other Names of Green Gram
The green gram is also known by many other different names in different parts of the world. It is also called mung bean, maash, moong, golden gram, look dou, lutou, moyashimamae, oorud, chop suey bean etc. In India, the green gram is also known by many different names in different local languages. It is called Moong in Hindi, Mogu or Mogu dail in Assamese, Mug or Mug dal in Bengali, Mag in Gujarati, Pacchesaru or Hesaru Bele in Kannada, Cherupayar in Malayalam, Mug in Marathi, Muga or Muga dali in Oriya, Moongi in Punjabi, Mung Eta in Sinhala, Pachai Payaru in Tamil, Pesara pappu in Telugu, Padengi in Tulu and Moog in Konkani.
How to Start Growing Green Gram
Growing green gram is very easy. And you can start growing green gram, even if you are a beginner.
Here we are describing more information about growing green gram from planting, caring to harvesting.
Select a Location
First of all, you have to select a good location for growing green gram. The green grams can be grown almost everywhere, but they grow very well in well-drained soil with the availability of full sun.
Prepare the Soil
The green gram plants can be grown on a wide range of soil types. But well-drained, loamy to sandy-loam soils is considered good for growing green gram. Saline and water logged soils are not good for green gram cultivation.
2-3 ploughing is required for preparing the soil and bringing the soil to fine tilth. Carry out planking after each ploughing. Try to remove the weeds from the field while preparing the soil.
Apply all the fertilizers while ploughing or tilling the soil. For commercial production, apply about 10-12 kg urea and 80-100 kg super phosphate per acre while preparing the soil.
Climate Requirements for Growing Green Gram
Warm and humid climate with temperature range of 25 °C and 35 °C, with moderate rains of 850 to 1000 mm is considered best condition for growing green gram.
Best Time for Growing Green Gram
The green gram is a summer season crop. It can be cultivated as Kharif as well as summer crop.
The first fortnight of July is the optimum time for Kharif sowing. And from March to April is optimum time for summer sowing.
Select a Variety
There are many green gram varieties available. Some of the popular varieties in India are PS 16, Mohini, Pusa Baisakhi, Jawahar 45, ML 1, TMB 37, SML 668, PAU 911, ML 818, ML 2056, RUM-1, HUM-12, BM-4, PDM-54, JM-72, PDM-11 and K-851.
You can choose any variety depending on it’s availability in your area. You can also consult with some of your local farmers or agriculture specialist for having good recommendation.
Purchase Seeds
After selecting a variety, you have to purchase seeds from any of your nearest market.
The green gram is very common in India, and the seeds should be easily available in your area. You can also consider ordering the seeds online.
Seeds Per Acre
You will need about 12-15 kg seeds per acre for summer season crop. And for Kharif season crop, you will need about 8-9 kg seeds per acre.
Planting
You can either scatter the seeds throughout the field, or plant in rows. For planting in rows, mark several rows in the soil after leveling it.
Space the rows to about 10-12 inches apart. The sow seeds to about 4 inches apart for Kharif crop, and about 3 inches apart for summer season crop.
Sow the seeds to about 1 inch deep. Drill/pora/kera methods can be used for sowing the seeds.
Treat the seeds with fungicide or insecticide before sowing them into the field.
You can treat the seeds with Captan or Thiram at the rate of 3 grams per kg seeds. Light watering after sowing the seeds will help to germinate the seeds faster.
Caring
The green gram plants generally require less care and management. But, taking additional care will be very good for growing green gram plants.
Here we are describing more information about the caring steps for growing green gram.
Fertilizing: In most cases, you don’t have to apply additional fertilizers for growing green gram.
Watering: The green gram is mainly grown as a Kharif crop. Depending upon the climatic conditions, water the plants if needed. 3-4 irrigation is required for summer season crop, depending upon soil type and climatic conditions. Excessive watering can damage the yield. So stop watering 55 days after sowing the seeds.
Controlling Weeds: Weeds consume nutrients from the soil. So you should always try to keep your crop field free from weeds. You should remove the weeds from the soil during ploughing for the first time. And control additional weeds by hoeing if you notice any. First hoeing should be done 4 weeks after sowing the seeds, and second hoeing 2 weeks later after first hoeing.
Pests and Diseases
Stem fly is the main pest found in this crop. Stem flies affect the plant at the early stages, leading to drying and withering.
Yellow mosaic disease can be observed during the growth stages of this crop.
However, you should always keep good contact with any expert or agriculture specialist.
And ask him/her for help if you notice any pests or diseases in your crop field, and take necessary steps as soon as you can.
Harvesting
You should start harvesting when about 85 percent of the pods are fully matured. Try to to avoid bad conditions for harvesting. And you should not wait for getting all the pods riped.
Avoid over-ripening of the pods, because you will loose many of the seeds if the pods are too much riped.
You can either cut the entire plant or the stalks which are bearing the seeds. And bring them home after cutting, and keep in open space for sun drying.
And after drying, you should thresh either biting by stick or by using a machine. Clean and sun dry the seeds after threshing.
Yield
Exact yield can vary and actually depends on the seed and farm management practices. But on an average, you can expect between 1000 to 1400 kg per hectare.
Uses
The green gram is commonly used in cuisines across Asia. It is used in many different ways (from whole beans to paste). It is used in many delicious dishes not only in India, but also in some other Asian countries.
Green Gram Nutrition
The green gram is very nutritious. It is an excellent source of protein, carbohydrate, vitamins, minerals and dietary fiber.
Health Benefits of Green Gram
The green gram is nutritious and it is very good for human health. It has many health benefits and considered as an ideal diet where source of animal protein is limited. Some notable health benefits of green gram are listed below.
- The green gram is an excellent source of protein, carbohydrate and minerals.
- Regular consumption of green gram can help you to loose weight.
- It is a very good source of dietary fiber and iron.
- The green gram helps to control blood pressure.
Best Tips for Growing Green Gram
Green gram, more commonly referred to as mung bean or green gram (scientifically known as Vigna radiata), is a highly nutritious legume that has been cultivated for centuries in various parts of the world.
Not only are green gram sprouts a popular addition to salads and sandwiches, but the whole beans are also used in various culinary dishes.
Growing green gram in your garden or on your farm can be a great way for enjoying this grain. Here we are going the share the best tips for successfully growing green gram.
1. Select the Right Variety
Before you start growing green gram, choose the right variety that suits your climate and purpose. Common green gram varieties include Pusa 9531, PDM 139, and Pusa Ratna. It will be better if you can consult with some local farmers before choosing the variety.
2. Choose the Right Season
Green gram thrives in warm climates. Plant your seeds during the spring or summer months when the temperature is consistently above 70°F (21°C).
3. Prepare Well-Drained Soil
Green gram prefers well-drained soil with a slightly acidic to neutral pH level (around 6.2 to 7.2). Water lagging condition is not suitable for good growth of these plants.
4. Perform a Soil Test
Before planting, conduct a soil test to assess nutrient levels and adjust your soil accordingly with organic matter or fertilizers. After testing, add required nutritients.
5. Seed Selection
Select high-quality seeds free from disease or damage. You can purchase seeds from reputable suppliers or use seeds from your previous harvest.
6. Seed Treatment
Seed treatment is very important for good production. Treat seeds with Rhizobium culture to enhance nitrogen fixation and improve plant growth.
7. Optimal Spacing
Keeping optimal spacing between plants is very important for good growth of the plants and for better production. Plant green gram seeds 2-3 inches apart and in rows with a spacing of 12-18 inches.
8. Sow at the Right Depth
Plant seeds at a depth of about 1 inch. Ensure good seed-to-soil contact for germination.
9. Watering
Adequate watering is very important for good growth and maximum production. Green gram requires consistent moisture. Water regularly, but avoid overwatering to prevent waterlogging.
10. Mulching
Mulch around the plants to retain soil moisture, control weeds, and regulate soil temperature. Use organic materials as mulch for good results.
11. Provide Support
If growing a climbing variety of green gram, provide support for the plants to climb.
12. Fertilization
Adequate fertilization is a must for better growth of the pants and for better production. Apply organic compost or well-balanced fertilizer during the growing season to provide essential nutrients.
13. Pest Management
Monitor for common pests like aphids and leafhoppers. Use organic pesticides if necessary.
14. Disease Control
Practice crop rotation and keep the garden clean to reduce the risk of fungal diseases.
15. Pruning
Regularly pinch back the tips of the plants to encourage bushier growth and more pod production.
16. Thinning
Thin out excess seedlings to provide adequate space for healthy plant growth.
17. Weed Control
Weeds are dangerous for most commrecial plants. They consume nutrients from the soil and the plant suffer. Keep the garden free of weeds to reduce competition for nutrients and water.
18. Protect from Birds
Birds can be a nuisance, so consider using bird nets or scare tactics to protect your crop.
19. Monitor Growth
Regularly inspect your green gram plants for any signs of stress, disease, or nutrient deficiencies.
20. Harvest at the Right Time
Harvesting timely is very important for getting good production. Green gram pods should be harvested when they are young and tender, typically around 60-70 days after planting.
21. Dry Properly
After harvesting, dry the pods in the sun for a few days until they are completely dry. This prevents mold and extends shelf life.
22. Store Carefully
Store green gram in a cool, dry place in airtight containers to keep them fresh for an extended period.
23. Crop Rotation
Practice crop rotation to prevent soil depletion and maintain soil fertility.
Related Queries & FAQs
There are lots of questions and queries related to growing green gram. Here we are trying to list the common questions and queries about growing green gram. Hope you will find answers of your questions or queries. Don’t hesitate to ask us if you have more questions.
What is green gram, and what are its health benefits?
Green gram, also known as mung bean, is a nutritious legume rich in protein, fiber, vitamins, and minerals. Its health benefits include improved digestion and weight management.
Where is the best location to grow green gram?
Green gram thrives in warm climates with well-drained soil and plenty of sunlight.
What is the ideal planting season for green gram?
Green gram is typically planted in the spring or summer when temperatures are consistently above 70°F (21°C).
How do I prepare the soil for green gram cultivation?
Prepare well-drained soil with a slightly acidic to neutral pH (around 6.2 to 7.2) by adding organic matter if necessary.
What are the different varieties of green gram, and how do I choose the right one?
Varieties like Pusa 9531, PDM 139, and Pusa Ratna are common. Choose based on your climate and intended use (e.g., culinary or sprouting).
What is the best way to treat green gram seeds before planting?
Treat seeds with Rhizobium culture to enhance nitrogen fixation and improve plant growth.
How deep should I plant green gram seeds?
Plant seeds at a depth of about 1 inch, ensuring good seed-to-soil contact for germination.
Do green gram plants require support as they grow?
Climbing varieties may need support, such as trellises, to climb and grow properly.
How often should I water green gram plants?
Water regularly to maintain consistent moisture, but avoid overwatering to prevent waterlogging.
Is mulching necessary for green gram cultivation?
Mulching helps retain soil moisture, control weeds, and regulate soil temperature, making it beneficial for green gram.
What kind of fertilizer should I use for green gram?
Use well-balanced organic fertilizers or compost during the growing season to provide essential nutrients.
What are common pests and diseases that affect green gram?
Common pests include aphids and leafhoppers, while diseases may include fungal issues. Monitor and use organic pesticides if needed.
Should I prune green gram plants, and if so, how?
Regularly pinch back the tips of the plants to encourage bushier growth and more pod production.
Is thinning necessary for green gram seedlings?
Thin out excess seedlings to provide adequate space for healthy plant growth.
How can I effectively control weeds in my green gram garden?
Keep the garden free of weeds through regular weeding to reduce competition for nutrients and water.
How can I protect my green gram crop from birds and other animals?
Consider using bird nets or scare tactics to protect your crop from birds. Fencing may be necessary for larger animals.
What are the signs of stress or nutrient deficiencies in green gram plants?
Signs include yellowing leaves, stunted growth, and poor pod development. Address these issues promptly.
When should I harvest green gram pods?
Harvest green gram pods when they are young and tender, typically around 60-70 days after planting.
What is the proper drying process for harvested green gram?
Dry the pods in the sun for a few days until they are completely dry to prevent mold and extend shelf life.
How should I store harvested green gram to maintain freshness?
Store green gram in a cool, dry place in airtight containers to keep them fresh for an extended period.
Why is crop rotation important for green gram cultivation?
Crop rotation prevents soil depletion and helps maintain soil fertility.
Can I grow green gram in containers or small spaces?
Yes, green gram can be grown in containers or small garden spaces with proper care.
Is green gram cultivation suitable for organic gardening practices?
Yes, green gram is well-suited for organic gardening, with natural pest control and fertilization methods.
Can I save seeds from my green gram harvest for the next planting season?
Yes, you can save seeds from your harvest for the next planting season, provided they are properly dried and stored.
What is the yield per plant for green gram?
The yield can vary, but on average, a single green gram plant can produce 15-30 pods.
Are there any specific companion plants that benefit green gram?
Plants like corn and sunflowers can serve as good companions for green gram, providing shade and support.
How do I know when green gram plants are ready for harvest?
Harvest when the pods are plump, green, and fully developed. Avoid waiting until they turn yellow.
Can I grow green gram hydroponically or in aquaponic systems?
Yes, green gram can be grown hydroponically or in aquaponic systems with proper nutrient solutions.
Are there any cultural practices that can improve green gram yield?
Proper spacing, regular watering, and timely pest and disease management can significantly improve yield.
What are some common culinary uses for green gram?
Green gram is used in various dishes, including soups, stews, curries, and salads. It’s also popular for making sprouts and desserts.
