The Hilsa fish is a species of fish in the herring family which is very popular as food fish in South Asia. It is also known by many other different names such as Ilish, Hilsa herring, Hilsa Shad, Ellis, Modar, Palva, Pallo Machhi, Sboor, Terubuk etc.
It is a very important species of fish in Bangladesh. And it contributes about 12 percent of the total fish production, and about 1 percent of GDP in Bangladesh. In Bangladesh, about 450,000 people are directly involved with the catching for livelihood.
And many people are indirectly involved with the trade. It is also the national fish of Bangladesh.
Currently the Hilsa fish is widespread, and is listed as Least Concern. But there have been serious declines in some major populations due to overfishing by commercial fisheries.
Hilsa Fish Full Information
The fish is relatively widespread in the Indian Ocean, where the fish is common and abundant is some areas.
Read some more information about this fish species below.
Characteristics
The Hilsa fish has fusiform body, which is deep and laterally compressed. It has no dorsal spines, but has 18-21 dorsal soft rays and anal soft rays.
The belly has 30-33 scutes. Body of these fish is generally covered with big sized scales. And their body is generally of bright silver color, with slightly green backside.
They have straight or slightly curved gill rakers, and have no teeth on the jaws.
The mature Hilsa fish can reach up to 60 cm body length. The males are generally smaller than the females. And these fish can grow up to 3 kg live body weight. Photo and info from Wikipedia.
Habitat
Hilsa fish are primarily found in the estuaries and coastal waters of the Indian subcontinent. They are mostly found in rivers, deltas, and the Bay of Bengal. Hilsa fish migrate upstream to freshwater rivers during the monsoon season to breed and spawn.
Conservation status
Hilsa fish is an important food fish and is subject to intense fishing pressure. Overfishing, pollution, and habitat destruction have led to a decline in the hilsa fish population in recent years.
The conservation status of the hilsa fish is considered vulnerable, and several measures have been taken to conserve the species, such as regulating fishing practices and promoting sustainable aquaculture.
Diet
The Hilsa fish are filter feeders. They generally filter feeds by grubbing muddy bottoms. They generally eat different types of plankton. Their diet commonly include small plant, diatoms, rotifera, microcystis, oscillatoria, spirogyra, protozoa, alga etc.
Hilsa fish are primarily planktivores, which means they feed on small planktonic organisms such as diatoms and algae. They use their gill rakers, which are specialized structures in their gills, to filter out the small planktonic organisms from the water. Hilsa fish are also known to feed on small fish and crustaceans.
The diet of the hilsa fish changes with its growth stages. Young hilsa fish, known as fry, primarily feed on small zooplankton such as rotifers and copepods.
As they grow, they shift their diet towards larger planktonic organisms, such as diatoms and algae. Adult hilsa fish feed on a variety of planktonic organisms, with a preference for small crustaceans and fish.
The diet of the hilsa fish is closely linked to the quality of the water in which it lives. The availability of planktonic organisms in the water is directly related to the water quality, and changes in water quality can affect the hilsa fish’s diet and health.
Pollution and other environmental factors can have a negative impact on the quality of the water, which can lead to a decrease in the availability of planktonic organisms and a decline in the hilsa fish population.
Breeding
The Hilsa fish generally reach maturity within their 1-2 years of age. They breed mainly in rivers, upstream to about 50 km or even over 1000 km as in the Ganges.
But the younger fish may breed in the tidal zone of rivers. The main breeding season of this fish is during the southwest monsoon from May to August.
With a shorter season from January to February or March. Depending on the size of the females, they can lay up to 2 million eggs per spawning.
Hilsa fish migrate upstream to freshwater rivers during the monsoon season, from June to September, to breed and spawn.
The breeding behavior of the hilsa fish is influenced by various environmental factors, including water temperature, water flow, and the availability of suitable spawning grounds.
Female hilsa fish lay their eggs in freshwater rivers, and males fertilize them externally. The eggs hatch into larvae, which then drift downstream to the estuaries and the sea. The hilsa fish larvae undergo various developmental stages, and it takes several months for them to mature into adult fish.
The breeding behavior of the hilsa fish is closely linked to the seasonal monsoon rains, which bring the necessary environmental conditions for breeding. The increased water flow during the monsoon season provides suitable spawning grounds for the hilsa fish, and the cooler water temperature also triggers their breeding behavior.
The breeding behavior of the hilsa fish is also influenced by human activities, such as the construction of dams and barrages, which can disrupt their migration patterns and access to suitable spawning grounds. Overfishing and pollution can also have a negative impact on the breeding behavior of the hilsa fish and its population.
To ensure the sustainability of the hilsa fish population, various measures have been taken to conserve the species, including the regulation of fishing practices, the protection of spawning grounds, and the promotion of sustainable aquaculture.
Uses
The uses of hilsa fish go beyond its delicious taste and unique flavor. The Hilsa fish is mainly used for food. It is highly valued in Bangladesh, India and some other South Asian countries. However, hilsa fish not only tastes great, but it also has various uses. Here are some of the top uses of hilsa fish:
Culinary uses
Hilsa fish is primarily used as a food ingredient. It is used in a variety of dishes, such as curries, stews, and pickles. In Bangladesh, it is often prepared as “ilish paturi,” a dish where the fish is marinated in spices and steamed inside a banana leaf. In India, it is used to prepare “ilish bhaja,” a dish where the fish is deep-fried with spices.
Nutritional value
Hilsa fish is highly nutritious and is rich in protein, omega-3 fatty acids, and various vitamins and minerals. It is especially beneficial for heart health and can help reduce the risk of heart disease.
Traditional medicine
In traditional Ayurvedic medicine, hilsa fish is used to treat a variety of health conditions, such as rheumatism, arthritis, and asthma. It is believed that the fish has anti-inflammatory properties and can help alleviate pain and inflammation in the body.
Fertilizer
Hilsa fish is also used as a fertilizer in some parts of South Asia. The fish is buried in the soil, and as it decomposes, it releases nutrients that can help improve soil quality and promote plant growth.
Cultural Significance
Hilsa fish holds a significant place in the cultural and social traditions of the Indian subcontinent. In Bangladesh, it is considered the national fish and is highly valued for its cultural and religious importance.
It is also an essential part of various festivals and ceremonies, including weddings, birthdays, and religious events. The preparation and sharing of hilsa fish dishes are seen as a way of bringing people together and strengthening social bonds.
In India, hilsa fish is also highly valued for its cultural significance. In the eastern state of West Bengal, it is considered a delicacy and is an essential part of traditional Bengali cuisine.
Hilsa fish is also associated with the festival of Durga Puja, where it is served as a special offering to the goddess Durga, and also in Bengali New Year, and is seen as a symbol of prosperity and good fortune.
Economic Significance
Hilsa fish is not only valued for its cultural significance but also for its economic importance. It is a valuable food fish, and its high demand has led to the development of a thriving fishing industry in the Indian subcontinent.
Hilsa fish is also exported to various countries, including the United States, United Kingdom, and Canada, generating significant revenue for the region.
Apart from its use as a food fish, hilsa fish is also used for its oil and is a source of high-quality fishmeal. The oil extracted from the hilsa fish is rich in omega-3 fatty acids, making it a valuable ingredient in various pharmaceutical and nutraceutical products.
Special Notes
The Hilsa fish is a very important species of fish. It is commercially very important is some south Asian countries.
It is highly valued in Bangladesh and India (especially in West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu).
It is a very popular fish amongst the people of South Asia and Middle East, but especially with Bengalis and Odias. It is highly popular mainly because of it’s flavor and taste. The fish is also exported globally.
The Hilsa fish is actually an oily fish, and is rich in Omega 3 fatty acids. It is generally marketed fresh, frozen, smoked and salted.
A dish named ‘sorse illish‘, prepared with mustard seed paste is very popular amongst the Bengalis.
It is said that people can cook the Hilsa fish in more than 50 ways. However, review full breed profile of the Hilsa fish in the table below.
| Name | Hilsa |
| Kingdom | Animalia |
| Phylum | Chordata |
| Class | Actinopterygii |
| Order | Clupeiformes |
| Family | Clupeidae |
| Genus | Tenualosa |
| Species | T. ilisha |
| Binomial Name | Tenualosa ilisha |
| Other Names | Also known as Ilish, Hilsa herring, Hilsa Shad, Ellis, Modar, Palva, Pallo Machhi, Sboor, Terubuk etc |
| Breed Purpose | Mainly food |
| Weight | Can reach up to 3 kg |
| Special Notes | Economically very important fish species of Bangladesh, India and some other south Asian countries, highly valued in India, Bangladesh and also in international market, especially very popular amongst the Bengalis, highly valued for it’s flavor and taste, exported globally, rich in Omega 3 fatty acids, marketed fresh, frozen, smoked and salted |
| Breeding Method | Natural |
| Climate Tolerance | Native climates |
| Body Color | Bright silver |
| Rarity | Common |
| Availability | Asia |
Hilsa Fish Interesting Facts
Here are some interesting facts about the hilsa fish that you may not know:
- Scientific name: The scientific name for the hilsa fish is Tenualosa ilisha, and it belongs to the herring family.
- Migration: Hilsa fish undertake an extensive annual migration from the sea to freshwater rivers during the monsoon season to breed and spawn.
- Taste: Hilsa fish is highly valued for its unique flavor and taste, which is described as oily, rich, and slightly sweet.
- Cultural significance: Hilsa fish holds a significant place in the cultural and social traditions of the Indian subcontinent. It is considered the national fish of Bangladesh and is an essential part of traditional Bengali cuisine in India.
- Nutritional value: Hilsa fish is a rich source of omega-3 fatty acids, protein, and various essential vitamins and minerals, making it a nutritious food choice.
- Endangered species: Hilsa fish populations have been declining in recent years due to overfishing, pollution, and habitat loss, making it an endangered species.
- Multiple names: Hilsa fish is known by various names in different regions. In Bangladesh, it is called ilish, while in India, it is known as hilsa or ilish. In Myanmar, it is called nga shwe yin, and in Sri Lanka, it is known as palu.
- Symbolism: In Hindu mythology, the hilsa fish is associated with the goddess Ganga and is considered a sacred animal.
- Oil and fishmeal: Hilsa fish is used for its oil, which is rich in omega-3 fatty acids and is used in various pharmaceutical and nutraceutical products. It is also a source of high-quality fishmeal.
- Size: Hilsa fish can grow up to 60 cm in length and can weigh up to 3 kg.
- Cultural celebrations: Hilsa fish is a significant part of many cultural celebrations in the Indian subcontinent, including weddings, religious festivals, and other important events.
- Breeding season: Hilsa fish spawn during the monsoon season, between June and September, and lay their eggs in freshwater rivers.
- Fishing techniques: Hilsa fish are typically caught using gill nets, drift nets, and traditional fishing methods such as using a bamboo trap or a hook and line.
- Hilsa fish dishes: Hilsa fish is used to prepare various delicious dishes, including curries, fries, smoked fish, and pickles. The famous Bengali dish, “ilish macher paturi,” is made by wrapping hilsa fish in banana leaves and cooking it with mustard paste.
- Hilsa festival: Bangladesh holds an annual hilsa festival to celebrate the fish and promote awareness about its conservation. The festival includes various cultural events, food stalls, and exhibitions about the hilsa fish.
- Economic importance: Hilsa fish is an essential part of the fishing industry in the Indian subcontinent and contributes significantly to the region’s economy. It is also an important export commodity, generating significant revenue.
- Hilsa fish varieties: There are various types of hilsa fish found in different regions, including the marine hilsa, freshwater hilsa, and river hilsa.
- Traditional medicine: Hilsa fish is used in traditional medicine to treat various ailments, including arthritis, asthma, and eye problems.
- Hilsa fish and climate change: Climate change is affecting the hilsa fish population, as rising water temperatures and changing river flows impact their breeding and migration patterns.
- Hilsa fish conservation: Efforts are being made to conserve the hilsa fish population, including regulating fishing practices, promoting sustainable aquaculture, and protecting their habitats.
- Mythology and folklore: The hilsa fish has a place in many myths and legends in the Indian subcontinent. In one popular tale, a fisherman named Chand Sadagar caught a magical hilsa fish that granted him wealth and prosperity.
- Hilsa fish roe: Hilsa fish roe, also known as ilish maach er dim, is a prized delicacy and is used in various dishes such as curries, pickles, and fried rice.
- Hilsa fish bones: Hilsa fish has many small, sharp bones that can make it difficult to eat. However, some people believe that the bones have medicinal properties and can be used to treat certain ailments.
- Hilsa fish farming: Hilsa fish farming is gaining popularity as a way to conserve wild populations and meet the growing demand for the fish. However, the success of hilsa fish farming depends on many factors, including water quality, feed availability, and disease management.
- Hilsa fish and traditional knowledge: The fishing and preparation of hilsa fish are often guided by traditional knowledge passed down through generations. This knowledge includes techniques for catching and preserving the fish and recipes for preparing it.
- Hilsa fish and sustainable livelihoods: Hilsa fish is an important source of livelihood for many people in the Indian subcontinent, including fishermen, traders, and processors. Sustainable fishing practices and conservation efforts are crucial for maintaining these livelihoods.
- Hilsa fish and the environment: Hilsa fish play a crucial role in the ecosystem of freshwater rivers and estuaries, where they feed on plankton and other small organisms and are themselves a food source for larger fish and birds.
- Hilsa fish and cultural identity: The hilsa fish is an important part of the cultural identity of the Indian subcontinent, symbolizing tradition, prosperity, and community. Its decline is a concern for many people who fear the loss of this important cultural symbol.
- Hilsa fish and international trade: Hilsa fish is an important export commodity, with Bangladesh being the largest exporter of the fish. However, concerns about sustainability and the impact of fishing on wild populations have led to regulations on hilsa fish exports.
Frequently Asked Questions
People ask many questions about Hilsa fish. Here we are trying to list the most common questions about this fish species, and trying to answer them. Hope you will find your answer. Don’t hesitate to ask us if you have more questions.
Is hilsa fish farming possible?
Hilsa fish is a highly prized fish in South Asia and is in high demand due to its rich flavor and nutritional benefits. However, overfishing has led to a decline in wild hilsa fish populations, and there is growing interest in hilsa fish farming as a way to meet the demand while reducing pressure on wild populations.
While hilsa fish farming is possible, it is a challenging endeavor as the fish has a complex life cycle and requires specific environmental conditions to thrive. Additionally, the fish is highly sensitive to changes in water quality and temperature, making it difficult to maintain optimal conditions for growth.
Despite these challenges, hilsa fish farming has been successfully carried out in Bangladesh and India, with various organizations and government agencies investing in research and development to improve farming practices. Through sustainable and responsible farming practices, it may be possible to meet the demand for hilsa fish without depleting wild populations.
Why is Hilsa is called king of fish?
Hilsa is called king of fish in the areas where it is found, especially in Bangladesh. It is considered as one of the most tastiest fish due to it’s distinctly soft oily texture, mouthwatering flavor and superb mouthfeel.
Why is Hilsa fish so expensive?
Hilsa is so expensive mainly because of it’s high demand and less availability.
Is salmon and Hilsa same?
No, both are different fish species. Hilsa is a very popular and special fish to Indians and Bangladeshi people. And Salmon is very popular in the United States.
Which country eat Hilsa fish?
Bangladesh is the largest consumer of Hilsa fish, with around 86 percent of the total worldwide consumption.
Which fish taste like Hilsa fish?
The milk fish tastes very similar to the Hilsa fish.
Why do Bengalis love Hilsa?
Because, it is considered as one of the most tastiest fish due to it’s distinctly soft oily texture, mouthwatering flavor and superb mouthfeel.
Who is the queen of fish?
Hilsa is called the queen of fish in Bangladesh, and in West Bengal state of India.
Does Hilsa fish have mercury?
Yes, they have, but in very low quantity.
Does Hilsa have bones?
Yes! Actually they have too many small bones. It has around 46-48 vertebrae, and roughly 1,500 smaller bones.
Is Hilsa fish healthy?
Yes, sure! Hilsa is a very nutritious fish and good for health. It is a very good source of omega-3 fatty acids called EPA and DHA.
Can a kidney patient eat Hilsa fish?
No, the kidney patients should not eat Hilsa.
How do you eat Hilsa?
Hilsa fish can be eaten in many ways. The most common and most popular dish is ‘shorshe ilish‘ in Bangladesh.
What are the side effects of Hilsa fish?
Eating Hilsa fish is not recommended for women who are pregnant or breastfeeding, due to the possibility of seaborne contaminants, such as dioxins, mercury, or other heavy metals. Eating Hilsa can also cause allergic reactions to this fish although they are not so common.
What does Hilsa taste like?
Hilsa is known for it’s grate taste and sweetish flavor.
What is Hilsa fish called in Malayalam?
The Hilsa is called “Paluva” in Malayalam.
What is Hilsa called in Tamil?
The Hilsa is called “Ullam, Oolum, Vengannai, Seva” in Tamil.
Is Hilsa fish good for high blood pressure?
Yes, Hilsa is totally safe for the high blood pressure patients. Actually, consuming Hilsa may help to reduce risk factors for heart disease, including blood pressure, triglycerides, and cholesterol.
Is Hilsa fish good for diabetes?
Yes, but the patients should consume only a moderate amount.
Which Hilsa is best?
The Hilsa fish from Padma river is best and most tasty.
Can you debone Hilsa?
Deboning a Hilsa is one of the most challenging tasks because in all other fish, there is only one central bone and other side bones.
Does hilsa fish have bad cholesterol?
Hilsa is fatty and contains cholesterol, but it may reduce bad blood cholesterol level in hypercholesterolemic subjects.
Does Hilsa fish increase uric acid?
Yes, and high intake of this food increases uric acids.
Is Hilsa a saltwater fish?
Yes, Hilsa is actually a saltwater fish, which is naturally found in the Bay of Bengal.
Is Hilsa fish good for psoriasis?
Yes, eating this fish regularly protects the skin from eczema and psoriasis.
What does Hilsa fish eat?
Hilsa fish is mainly feed on phytoplankton, with a small quantity of zooplankton.
Is Hilsa and Pulasa same?
Yes, both are same. Pulasa is the local name of Hilsa.
What is Poddar Ilish?
Poddar Ilish is the Hilsa fish found and caught from the Padma river.
Is Hilsa from the carp fish?
No, Hilsa is not like the carp fish. They are grown and found in the natural sources.
What is the national fish of Bangladesh?
Hilsa is the national fish of Bangladesh.
Why is Hilsa fish costly?
Hilsa is very costly mainly because of it’s high demand as compared to total production.
What is Hilsa fish called in English?
Hilsa is called Hilsa Herring or Hilsa Shad in English.
Is hilsa sea or river fish?
Actually, Hilsa has a wide range of distribution and occurs in marine, estuarine and riverine environments.
What type of fish is Hilsa?
Hilsa is a kind of Indian herring.
What is the importance of Hilsa fish?
Hilsa is the ‘national fish’ of Bangladesh. It is the fish of choice for most people and is of both religious and cultural importance.
What are the main characteristics of Hilsa fish?
The Hilsa fish has fusiform body, which is deep and laterally compressed. It has no dorsal spines, but has 18-21 dorsal soft rays and anal soft rays. The belly has 30-33 scutes. Body of these fish is generally covered with big sized scales. And their body is generally of bright silver color, with slightly green backside. They have straight or slightly curved gill rakers, and have no teeth on the jaws. The mature Hilsa fish can reach up to 60 cm body length. The males are generally smaller than the females. And these fish can grow up to 3 kg live body weight.
