Indian Mackerel Fish: Characteristics & Best 21 Facts

The Indian Mackerel fish is a species of mackerel which is mainly found in the Indian and West Pacific oceans, and their surrounding seas.

It is very important as food fish, and is commonly used in South and South-East Asian cuisine. It is also known by many other different names such as Kembung, Bangda, Aiyla, Aiyla Meen, Bangude etc.

Currently the Indian Mackerel fish is widespread in the Indo-West Pacific from South Africa, Seychelles and Red Sea east through Indonesia and off northern Australia to Melanesia, Micronesia, Samoa, China and the Ryukyu Islands.

And the fish is also found in the Mediterranean Sea. It has entered to the eastern Mediterranean Sea through the Suez Canal. However, read some more information about this fish species below.

Indian Mackerel Fish Characteristics

The Indian Mackerel fish has moderately deep body. The head is longer than the body depth. The maxilla are partly concealed, covered by the lacrimal bone (but extend till around the hind margin of the eye).

They have thin dark longtitudinal bands on the upper part of their body, which may be golden on fresh specimens. And there is also a black spot on the body near the lower margin of the pectoral fin.

Their caudal and pectoral fins are yellowish, and the dorsal fins are yellowish with black tips. And the remaining fins of the Indian Mackerel fish are dusky.

Average body length of the Indian Mackerel fish is around 25 cm. But they can reach a maximum of 35 cm total body length. Photo and info from Wikipedia.

The juveniles feed on phytoplankton and small zooplankton such as larval polychaetes, ostracods, cladocerans etc. But the mature fish generally feed on macroplankton including the larvae of fish and shrimp.

Physical Characteristics

Indian Mackerel fish has a slender, elongated body with a pointed head and a deeply forked tail. It can grow up to 25 cm in length and weighs around 100-150 grams on average.

The body of the Indian Mackerel fish is dotted with black spots or blotches, which vary in size and shape depending on the age and size of the fish.

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The upper part of the Indian Mackerel fish’s body is dark blue or greenish-blue while the lower part of its body is silver or white.

Its fins are usually yellowish-orange in color, with a distinctive black spot at the base of the pectoral fin. The gills of the Indian Mackerel fish are bright red in color, indicating its well-oxygenated blood.

Habitat and Distribution

Indian Mackerel fish is primarily found in the warm waters of the Indian Ocean, the Bay of Bengal, and the Arabian Sea. It is a highly migratory fish species that travels long distances in search of food and suitable breeding grounds.

During the monsoon season, Indian Mackerel fish move closer to the shore to spawn, making them easier to catch for fishermen.

Food Habits

Indian Mackerel fish is a carnivorous species that feeds on small fish, crustaceans, and plankton. It is an opportunistic feeder and can adapt its feeding habits according to the availability of prey.

The Indian Mackerel fish’s diet affects its taste and texture, which can vary depending on the type of food it has consumed.

Nutritional Value

Indian Mackerel fish is a rich source of several essential nutrients, including omega-3 fatty acids, protein, vitamins B12 and D, and minerals such as selenium and phosphorus.

Consuming Indian Mackerel fish regularly can help improve brain function, reduce inflammation, lower the risk of heart disease, and boost overall health.

Preparation and Cooking

Indian Mackerel fish is easy to prepare and cook, making it a popular choice among seafood lovers. The most common methods of cooking Indian Mackerel fish include grilling, frying, baking, and steaming.

Its meat is tender, flaky, and flavorful, with a mild to moderate fishy taste depending on the freshness of the fish.

Health Benefits

Consuming Indian Mackerel fish regularly offers several health benefits. It is an excellent source of omega-3 fatty acids, which are essential for maintaining healthy brain function, reducing inflammation, and lowering the risk of heart disease.

Omega-3 fatty acids also play a crucial role in improving eye health, reducing the risk of depression and anxiety, and promoting healthy skin.

Indian Mackerel fish is also a good source of protein, which is essential for building and repairing tissues in the body. Its high protein content makes it an ideal food choice for athletes and people looking to build muscle mass.

Breeding

Spawning season of the Indian Mackerel fish is between March and September in the northern hemisphere. But it is between September and the following March around Seychelles in the southern hemisphere.

Spawning of these fish generally occurs in batches. The females lay eggs, and the eggs are fertilized externally. The egg are left to develop on their own, and the eggs are not guarded by the males or females.

Uses

The Indian Mackerel fish is mainly used for food.

Special Notes

The Indian Mackerel fish are generally found in the shallow, coastal waters, where the surface water temperature is at least 17 °C.

The mature fish are generally found in the coastal bays, harbours and in the deep lagoons. They are also generally found in the turbid waters rich in plankton.

It is also widely found in Karnataka costal belt, and is a very popular food fish in Kudla. Currently the fish is used mainly for food.

It is marketed fresh, frozen, canned, dried-salted and also made into fish sauce. However, review full breed profile of this fish in the table below.

NameIndian Mackerel
KingdomAnimalia
PhylumChordata
ClassActinopterygii
OrderPerciformes
FamilyScombridae
GenusRastrelliger
SpeciesR. kanagurta
Binomial NameRastrelliger kanagurta
Other NamesAlso known as Kembung, Bangda, Aiyla, Aiyla Meen, Bangude etc.
Breed PurposeMainly food
Special NotesCommercially important fish species, mainly used for food, marketed fresh, frozen, canned, dried-salted and also made into fish sauce
Breeding MethodNatural
Climate ToleranceNative climates
Body ColorNarrow dark longitudinal bands on upper part of body and a black spot on body near lower margin of pectoral fin; dorsal fins yellowish with black tips, caudal and pectoral fins yellowish; other fins dusky
RarityCommon
AvailabilityAsia

Interesting Facts about Indian Mackerel Fish

Indian Mackerel Fish, scientifically known as Rastrelliger kanagurta, is a popular saltwater fish found in the Indian Ocean and the Bay of Bengal.

This small and slender fish is known for its distinct physical characteristics, delicious taste, and immense nutritional value. Here are some of the interesting facts about Indian Mackerel Fish.

1. Names

Indian Mackerel Fish is known by different names in different regions of the world. In India, it is also called Bangda or Bhangra. In the Philippines, it is known as Tanguigue, while in Malaysia, it is called Ikan Kembung.

2. Size

Indian Mackerel Fish is a small fish that grows up to 25 cm in length and weighs around 100-150 grams on average.

3. Physical Characteristics

Indian Mackerel Fish has a pointed head, a slender elongated body, and a deeply forked tail. Its upper part is dark blue or greenish-blue, while the lower part is silver or white. The body is dotted with black spots or blotches, which vary in size and shape depending on the age and size of the fish.

4. Habitat

Indian Mackerel Fish is primarily found in the warm waters of the Indian Ocean, the Bay of Bengal, and the Arabian Sea. It is a highly migratory fish species that travels long distances in search of food and suitable breeding grounds.

5. Feeding Habits

Indian Mackerel Fish is a carnivorous species that feeds on small fish, crustaceans, and plankton. It is an opportunistic feeder and can adapt its feeding habits according to the availability of prey.

6. Reproduction

Indian Mackerel Fish is known for its unique breeding pattern. During the monsoon season, Indian Mackerel Fish move closer to the shore to spawn, making them easier to catch for fishermen.

7. Nutritional Value

Indian Mackerel Fish is a rich source of several essential nutrients, including omega-3 fatty acids, protein, vitamins B12 and D, selenium, and phosphorus.

Consuming Indian Mackerel Fish regularly can help improve brain function, reduce inflammation, lower the risk of heart disease, and boost overall health.

8. Omega-3 Fatty Acids

Indian Mackerel Fish is an excellent source of omega-3 fatty acids that are essential for maintaining healthy brain function, reducing inflammation, and lowering the risk of heart disease.

9. Protein

Indian Mackerel Fish is also a good source of protein, which is essential for building and repairing tissues in the body.

10. Taste

Indian Mackerel Fish has a mild to moderate fishy taste, depending on the freshness of the fish. Its meat is tender, flaky, and flavorful, making it a popular choice among seafood lovers.

11. Preparation

Indian Mackerel Fish is easy to prepare and cook, making it a popular choice among seafood lovers. The most common methods of cooking Indian Mackerel Fish include grilling, frying, baking, and steaming.

12. Health Benefits

Consuming Indian Mackerel Fish regularly offers several health benefits. It is an excellent source of omega-3 fatty acids, protein, vitamins B12 and D, and minerals such as selenium and phosphorus.

These nutrients play crucial roles in improving brain function, reducing inflammation, lower the risk of heart disease, and promoting healthy skin.

13. Low Mercury Content

Indian Mackerel Fish has low levels of mercury compared to other types of fish, making it safe for consumption by pregnant women and children.

14. Sustainable Fishing

Indian Mackerel Fish is a sustainable fish species that reproduces quickly and abundantly, making it a responsible choice for seafood lovers.

15. Economic Significance

Indian Mackerel Fish is an important fish species for the fishing industry in India and other parts of Southeast Asia. It is a significant source of livelihood for fishermen and contributes significantly to the economy.

16. Traditional Medicine

Indian Ayurvedic and Chinese traditional medicine use Indian Mackerel Fish for its medicinal properties. It is believed to have anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and analgesic properties.

17. Export

Indian Mackerel Fish is exported to several countries worldwide, including Japan, Singapore, Dubai, and the United States.

18. Versatility

Indian Mackerel Fish is versatile and can be used in various dishes, including curries, stir-fries, stews, and soups.

19. Cultural Significance

Indian Mackerel Fish holds cultural significance in many parts of Southeast Asia. In Malaysia and Indonesia, it is a popular dish served during special occasions such as weddings and festivals.

20. Aquaculture

Indian Mackerel Fish is not commonly farmed or cultured due to its highly migratory nature and specific feeding habits. However, research is being conducted to develop sustainable aquaculture techniques for Indian Mackerel Fish.

21. Recreational Fishing

Indian Mackerel Fish is a popular game fish among recreational fishermen. It is known for its fighting spirit and can provide an exciting challenge for anglers.

Pros and Cons of Eating Indian Mackerel Fish

Indian Mackerel Fish is a popular seafood choice among people across the world, thanks to its delicious taste and numerous health benefits.

However, like all food items, Indian Mackerel Fish has its advantages and disadvantages. Here we are going to share the pros and cons of eating Indian Mackerel Fish.

Pros

The Indian Mackerel is a very nutritious and healthy fish species. Here are the top health benefits of this fish:

Nutritional Value

Indian Mackerel Fish is a rich source of several essential nutrients, including omega-3 fatty acids, protein, vitamins B12 and D, selenium, and phosphorus. Consuming Indian Mackerel Fish regularly can help improve brain function, reduce inflammation, lower the risk of heart disease, and boost overall health.

Omega-3 Fatty Acids

Indian Mackerel Fish is an excellent source of omega-3 fatty acids that are essential for maintaining healthy brain function, reducing inflammation, and lowering the risk of heart disease.

Protein

Indian Mackerel Fish is also a good source of protein, which is essential for building and repairing tissues in the body.

Low Mercury Content

Indian Mackerel Fish has low levels of mercury compared to other types of fish, making it safe for consumption by pregnant women and children.

Health Benefits

Consuming Indian Mackerel Fish regularly offers several health benefits. It is an excellent source of omega-3 fatty acids, protein, vitamins B12 and D, and minerals such as selenium and phosphorus.

These nutrients play crucial roles in improving brain function, reducing inflammation, lower the risk of heart disease, and promoting healthy skin.

Sustainable Fishing

Indian Mackerel Fish is a sustainable fish species that reproduces quickly and abundantly, making it a responsible choice for seafood lovers.

Economic Significance

Indian Mackerel Fish is an important fish species for the fishing industry in India and other parts of Southeast Asia. It is a significant source of livelihood for fishermen and contributes significantly to the economy.

Traditional Medicine

Indian Ayurvedic and Chinese traditional medicine use Indian Mackerel Fish for its medicinal properties. It is believed to have anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and analgesic properties.

Versatility

Indian Mackerel Fish is versatile and can be used in various dishes, including curries, stir-fries, stews, and soups.

National Fish

Indian Mackerel Fish is the national fish of India, where it is widely consumed and celebrated for its delicious taste and nutritional value.

Sustainable Aquaculture

Research is being conducted to develop sustainable aquaculture techniques for Indian Mackerel Fish, which could provide a reliable source of food and income for many communities.

Recreational Fishing

Indian Mackerel Fish is a popular game fish among recreational fishermen. It is known for its fighting spirit and can provide an exciting challenge for anglers.

Boosts Immunity

Consuming Indian Mackerel Fish regularly helps boost immunity, thanks to its high vitamin and mineral content.

Reduces Inflammation

Omega-3 fatty acids found in Indian Mackerel Fish have anti-inflammatory properties that help reduce inflammation in the body.

Enhances Brain Function

The omega-3 fatty acids found in Indian Mackerel Fish are essential for brain function and development, making it an excellent food choice for children and adults alike.

Improves Heart Health

Regular consumption of Indian Mackerel Fish can lower the risk of heart disease by reducing blood pressure and cholesterol levels in the body.

Promotes Skin Health

Indian Mackerel Fish is a rich source of vitamin E, which is essential for healthy skin. Consuming Indian Mackerel Fish regularly can help promote healthy skin and prevent premature aging.

Lowers Cancer Risk

Indian Mackerel Fish contains compounds that have been shown to have anti-cancer properties, making it a potentially beneficial food choice for cancer prevention.

Regulates Blood Sugar

Indian Mackerel Fish can help regulate blood sugar levels in the body, making it an excellent food choice for people with diabetes.

Improves Eye Health

Omega-3 fatty acids found in Indian Mackerel Fish are essential for eye health, reducing the risk of macular degeneration and other eye diseases.

Aids Weight Loss

Indian Mackerel Fish is low in calories and fat, making it an excellent food choice for people looking to lose weight.

Boosts Energy Levels

Indian Mackerel Fish is a rich source of vitamin B12, which is essential for energy production in the body.

Cons

Along with the health benefits, these also has some advantages. Here are the main cons of eating Indian Mackerel Fish:

High Cholesterol

While Indian Mackerel Fish has numerous health benefits, it is also high in cholesterol, which can be detrimental to people with high cholesterol levels.

Environmental Concerns

Overfishing and poor fishing practices can lead to depletion of Indian Mackerel Fish populations, causing harm to the environment and ecosystem.

Contamination

Indian Mackerel Fish can be contaminated with pollutants such as mercury, which can pose a health risk if consumed in large quantities.

Allergic Reactions

Some people may be allergic to Indian Mackerel Fish or seafood in general, which can cause allergic reactions such as hives, swelling, and difficulty breathing.

Cooking Precautions

Indian Mackerel Fish should be cooked thoroughly to avoid foodborne illnesses caused by bacteria such as Listeria and Salmonella.

Taste Preferences

While many people enjoy the taste of Indian Mackerel Fish, others may find its flavor too strong or fishy for their liking.

Bones

Indian Mackerel Fish contains many small bones that can be difficult to remove, making it challenging to eat for some people.

Price

Depending on the location, availability, and season, Indian Mackerel Fish can be relatively expensive compared to other types of fish.

Availability

Indian Mackerel Fish may not be readily available in all regions, making it difficult for some people to access this nutritious seafood option.

Preparation Time

Depending on the cooking method, Indian Mackerel Fish may require more time and effort to prepare than other types of fish.

Storage Concerns

Indian Mackerel Fish is highly perishable and must be stored correctly to avoid spoilage and bacterial growth.

Fishy Odor

Some people may find the smell of Indian Mackerel Fish unpleasant, which can be a turn-off for some diners.

Cooking Smell

Cooking Indian Mackerel Fish can produce a strong odor that may linger in the kitchen or home.

Seasonal Availability

Indian Mackerel Fish is typically only available during specific seasons, making it difficult to access year-round.

Mercury Risk for Pregnant Women

Despite having lower levels of mercury than other fish species, Indian Mackerel Fish can still pose a risk for pregnant women and should be consumed in moderation.

Shellfish Allergy Cross-Reactivity

Some people with shellfish allergies may also be allergic to Indian Mackerel Fish due to cross-reactivity, making it important to exercise caution when consuming this seafood.

Not Suitable for Raw Consumption

Indian Mackerel Fish is not typically consumed raw or undercooked, making it less versatile than other types of fish such as sushi-grade tuna or salmon.

Fatty Acids Oxidation

Omega-3 fatty acids found in Indian Mackerel Fish can oxidize quickly, leading to spoilage and reduced nutritional value if not consumed or stored correctly.

Processing Practices

Depending on the processing practices, Indian Mackerel Fish may lose some of its nutritional value or become contaminated with additives or preservatives.

Cooking Techniques

Depending on how Indian Mackerel Fish is cooked, it may lose some of its nutritional value or develop harmful compounds such as acrylamide (when fried at high temperatures).

Environmental Toxins Exposure

Indian Mackerel Fish can accumulate environmental toxins such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dioxins, which can pose health risks if ingested in large amounts.

High Sodium Content

Depending on how Indian Mackerel Fish is prepared, it may contain high levels of sodium, which can be detrimental to people with high blood pressure or kidney problems.

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